良性腫瘤指腫瘤細胞未發生轉移與侵入周遭組織的情形，反之則稱為惡性腫瘤，多數會影響生理功能的腫瘤都是惡性腫瘤。
[238] Men and women from Asian and South American nations around the world also often like a slower, significantly less candid approach to disclosure than is idealized in The usa and Western Europe, plus they feel that in some cases It will be preferable never to be explained to a couple of cancer diagnosis.[238] Generally, disclosure from the diagnosis is a lot more prevalent than it had been while in the 20th century, but full disclosure of the prognosis is not really available to quite a few sufferers worldwide.[238]
The enhanced understanding of molecular biology and cellular biology resulting from most cancers study has brought about new treatments for cancer considering that US President Richard Nixon declared the "War on Most cancers" in 1971.
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DNA repair inhibition is proposed to get a predominant mechanism in major metallic-induced carcinogenicity. Additionally, Repeated epigenetic alterations from the DNA sequences code for modest RNAs named microRNAs (or miRNAs). miRNAs don't code for proteins, but can "focus on" protein-coding genes and cut down their expression.
筛查旨在确认尚未出现症状但已具有暗示特定癌症或癌症前期迹象的个体。如在筛查中发现异常，则应进行进一步检测以作出明确诊断，如果证明存在癌症，还应转诊进行治疗。
While epigenetic alterations are located in cancers, the epigenetic alterations in DNA repair genes, causing reduced expression of DNA repair proteins, might be of particular importance.
惡性腫瘤的命名通常使用其發生器官的拉丁文或希臘文作為字首，上述類別則作為字根來命名。對於常見的癌症，有時會使用英文的器官名來代替希臘或拉丁文名。例如，最普遍的乳癌類型即名為ductal carcinoma with the breast或者是mammary ductal carcinoma。而在中文领域，则分为两种情况。如果该恶性肿瘤是上皮组织来源的，则在上皮名称后面加一“癌”字。如果是间叶组织来源的，则被称为肉瘤。例如，生長在肝臟的惡性腫瘤命名即為肝臟上皮細胞腫瘤（英语：hepatocellular carcinoma），或简称为更常见的“肝癌”；發生在脂肪細胞則稱作脂肪肉瘤。而骨肉瘤则是间叶组织来源的。如果一恶性肿瘤既有癌的成分，又有肉瘤成分，则被称为癌肉瘤。
The Dutch professor Francois de la Boe Sylvius, a follower of Descartes, thought that all disease 癌症 was the end result of chemical processes Which acidic lymph fluid was the cause of cancer. His present-day Nicolaes Tulp believed that cancer was a poison that slowly and gradually spreads and concluded that it was contagious.[230]
如前所述，癌症源于正常细胞转变为肿瘤细胞的多阶段过程，通常从癌前病变发展 到恶性肿瘤。这些变化是一个人的遗传因素与三种外部因素相互作用的结果，外部 因素包括：
癌症預防的目標就是減低癌症的發生。包含減少接觸致癌物的機會，改變飲食及生活習慣，或是醫療技術的進步（超音波、核磁共振攝影、X射線斷層成像或正電子發射電腦斷層掃描等檢驗）。
There is an Affiliation among celiac condition and a heightened danger of all cancers. Individuals with untreated celiac condition have a greater danger, but this hazard decreases with time immediately after diagnosis and rigorous remedy. This can be a result of the adoption of the gluten-absolutely free diet plan, which would seem to have a protective purpose towards the development of malignancy in those with celiac illness.
If a human could Are living prolonged sufficient, it is actually inevitable that no less than among her or his cells would at some point accumulate a list of mutations ample for most cancers to build. ^
The results that final result rely on cancer's style and location. Number of symptoms are certain. Quite a few frequently take place in individuals who produce other disorders. Most cancers can be tough to diagnose and might be thought of a "fantastic imitator".[33]